Bloomington, Indiana – As the summer heat intensifies across Indiana, residents are urged to stay aware of the risks associated with extreme temperatures. While soaring temperatures can make for uncomfortable days, they can also pose serious health risks, particularly for vulnerable groups. Heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion and heat stroke are major concerns for emergency services, especially during periods of extreme heat.
“Heat-related issues like heat exhaustion and heat stroke are concerns our Emergency services teams have top-of-mind during times like this,” explained Dr. Drew Watters, an Emergency Medicine physician at IU Health Bloomington. “Our vulnerable populations, or those at increased risk, include those who work outdoors, don’t have air conditioning at home, or can’t cool down at night are at increased risk.”
People who work outdoors, the elderly, and those who live in homes without air conditioning are especially at risk. In addition, individuals with underlying health conditions—such as cardiovascular diseases or those on medications for blood pressure or diuretics—are also more susceptible to the effects of the heat.
However, heat exhaustion and heat stroke aren’t limited to those already at risk. Dr. Watters emphasized that everyone, regardless of health status, can suffer from heat-related illnesses if precautions aren’t taken. Young children, in particular, are at heightened risk due to their inability to effectively communicate symptoms or understand that they are in danger.
“Paying close attention to young children is particularly important since they are less able to communicate physical symptoms or understand that something is wrong,” Dr. Watters said. Parents and caregivers should be especially vigilant in monitoring children for signs of overheating.
With the extreme heat in mind, Dr. Watters shared a set of essential tips for keeping safe when temperatures rise. The first and most important recommendation is staying hydrated. Drinking plenty of water is crucial for maintaining proper body temperature. People should also limit outdoor activity, particularly during the hottest parts of the day, and instead opt for early morning or late evening exercise.
For those without air conditioning at home, Dr. Watters advised seeking out places that offer cool relief. Public spaces such as libraries, shopping malls, or designated cooling stations are ideal locations to beat the heat. If you’re outdoors for any reason, wearing light, loose clothing can help to keep your body temperature down.
Recognizing the signs of heat-related illnesses is also essential. Heat exhaustion can come on quickly, and it’s important to know the warning signs. “Dizziness, nausea, headaches, thirst, and weakness are some signs you should move to a cool location, rest and drink some cool water,” Dr. Watters said. When it comes to children, there are additional symptoms to watch out for, such as fever, difficulty walking, vomiting, tiredness, and tight muscles.
Taking quick action is key to preventing serious consequences. If someone shows signs of heat exhaustion and doesn’t improve after drinking cool water and resting in a cool area, seeking medical help is essential. However, in more severe cases, such as with heat stroke, immediate intervention is crucial.
“Time to cooling is the biggest predictor for death or brain damage,” Dr. Watters cautioned. “If someone is overheated and confused, call 911 immediately and cool them in any way possible. Shade, ice packs, cold towels—whatever you can do.”
Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency, and it’s critical to act fast if symptoms like confusion, dizziness, a lack of sweating, seizures, or loss of consciousness occur. If these signs present themselves, it’s time to call 911 without hesitation.
The advice provided by Dr. Watters serves as a reminder that extreme heat is more than just a seasonal inconvenience—it can be life-threatening. By taking proper precautions, recognizing the early signs of heat-related illnesses, and acting swiftly, individuals can help protect themselves and their loved ones during the upcoming heatwaves.
For those who live in areas prone to high summer temperatures, staying informed about the weather, knowing where to seek cooling spaces, and preparing in advance for hot weather can make a significant difference in preventing heat-related health issues. Staying safe this summer involves much more than avoiding the sun—it’s about understanding the dangers that come with extreme heat and knowing how to respond.
